Russia

Property	Value
factbook:GDP_compositionbysector_agriculture	5.3E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:GDP_compositionbysector_industry	36.6E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:GDP_compositionbysector_services	58.2E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:GDP_officialexchangerate	733000000000 (xsd:long)
factbook:GDP_percapita_PPP	12100 (xsd:long)
factbook:GDP_purchasingpowerparity	1723000000000 (xsd:long)
factbook:GDP_realgrowthrate	6.6E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:HIVorAIDS_adultprevalencerate	1.1E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:HIVorAIDS_deaths	9000
factbook:HIVorAIDS_peoplelivingwithHIVorAIDS	860000 (xsd:long)
factbook:administrativedivisions	48 oblasts (oblastey, singular - oblast), 21 republics (respublik, singular - respublika), 7 autonomous okrugs (avtonomnykh okrugov, singular - avtonomnyy okrug), 7 krays (krayev, singular - kray), 2 federal cities (goroda, singular - gorod), and 1 autonomous oblast (avtonomnaya oblast)
factbook:administrativedivisions_note	administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
factbook:agestructure_0_14years_female	10021316 (xsd:long)
factbook:agestructure_0_14years_male	10563567 (xsd:long)
factbook:agestructure_0_14years_percentage	14.6E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:agestructure_15_64years_female	52061604 (xsd:long)
factbook:agestructure_15_64years_male	48412612 (xsd:long)
factbook:agestructure_15_64years_percentage	71.1E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:agestructure_65yearsandover_female	13958615 (xsd:long)
factbook:agestructure_65yearsandover_male	6360038 (xsd:long)
factbook:agestructure_65yearsandover_percentage	14.4E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:airports_total	1623 (xsd:long)
factbook:airports_withpavedrunways_total	616
factbook:airports_withunpavedrunways_total	1007
factbook:area_comparative	approximately 1.8 times the size of the US
factbook:area_land	16995800
factbook:area_total	17075200
factbook:area_water	79400
factbook:background	Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy, was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new Romanov Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 contributed to the Revolution of 1905, which resulted in the formation of a parliament and other reforms. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in World War I led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow in 1917 of the imperial household. The Communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after and formed the USSR. The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened Communist rule and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the following decades until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize Communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics. Since then, Russia has struggled in its efforts to build a democratic political system and market economy to replace the social, political, and economic controls of the Communist period. While some progress has been made on the economic front, and Russias management of its windfall oil wealth has improved its financial standing, recent years have seen a recentralization of power under Vladimir PUTIN and democratic institutions remain weak. Russia has severely disabled the Chechen rebel movement, although sporadic violence still occurs throughout the North Caucasus.
factbook:birthrate	10.92E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:budget_expenditures	$157300000000; including capital expenditures of $NA
factbook:budget_revenues	222200000000 (xsd:long)
factbook:capital_daylightsavingtime	+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
factbook:capital_geographiccoordinates	55 45 N, 37 35 E
factbook:capital_name	Moscow
factbook:capital_timedifference	UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
factbook:climate	ranges from steppes in the south through humid continental in much of European Russia; subarctic in Siberia to tundra climate in the polar north; winters vary from cool along Black Sea coast to frigid in Siberia; summers vary from warm in the steppes to cool along Arctic coast
factbook:coastline_total	37653 (xsd:long)
factbook:constitution	adopted 12 December 1993
factbook:countryname_conventionallongform	Russian Federation
factbook:countryname_conventionalshortform	Russia
factbook:countryname_locallongform	Rossiyskaya Federatsiya
factbook:countryname_localshortform	Rossiya
factbook:currency_code	Russian ruble (RUR)
factbook:currencycode	RUR
factbook:currentaccountbalance	105300000000 (xsd:long)
factbook:deathrate	16.04E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:debt_external	$287400000000 (30 June 2006 est.)
foaf:depiction
factbook:disputes_international	China and Russia have demarcated the once disputed islands at the Amur and Ussuri confluence and in the Argun River in accordance with the 2004 Agreement, ending their centuries-long border disputes; the sovereignty dispute over the islands of Etorofu, Kunashiri, Shikotan, and the Habomai group, known in Japan as the "Northern Territories" and in Russia as the "Southern Kurils," occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945, now administered by Russia, and claimed by Japan, remains the primary sticking point to signing a peace treaty formally ending World War II hostilities; Russia and Georgia agree on delimiting all but small, strategic segments of the land boundary and the maritime boundary; OSCE observers monitor volatile areas such as the Pankisi Gorge in the Akhmeti region and the Kodori Gorge in Abkhazia; Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia signed equidistance boundaries in the Caspian seabed but the littoral states have no consensus on dividing the water column; Russia and Norway dispute their maritime limits in the Barents Sea and Russias fishing rights beyond Svalbards territorial limits within the Svalbard Treaty zone; various groups in Finland advocate restoration of Karelia (Kareliya) and other areas ceded to the Soviet Union following the Second World War but the Finnish Government asserts no territorial demands; in May 2005, Russia recalled its signatures to the 1996 border agreements with Estonia (1996) and Latvia (1997), when the two Baltic states announced issuance of unilateral declarations referencing Soviet occupation and ensuing territorial losses; Russia demands better treatment of ethnic Russians in Estonia and Latvia; Estonian citizen groups continue to press for realignment of the boundary based on the 1920 Tartu Peace Treaty that would bring the now divided ethnic Setu people and parts of the Narva region within Estonia; Lithuania and Russia committed to demarcating their boundary in 2006 in accordance with the land and maritime treaty ratified by Russia in May 2003 and by Lithuania in 1999; Lithuania operates a simplified transit regime for Russian nationals traveling from the Kaliningrad coastal exclave into Russia, while still conforming, as an EU member state with an EU external border, where strict Schengen border rules apply; preparations for the demarcation delimitation of land boundary with Ukraine have commenced; the dispute over the boundary between Russia and Ukraine through the Kerch Strait and Sea of Azov remains unresolved despite a December 2003 framework agreement and on-going expert-level discussions; Kazakhstan and Russia boundary delimitation was ratified on November 2005 and field demarcation should commence in 2007; Russian Duma has not yet ratified 1990 Bering Sea Maritime Boundary Agreement with the US
factbook:distributionoffamilyincome_Giniindex	40.5E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:economicaid_recipient	0 (xsd:long)
factbook:economy_overview	Russia ended 2006 with its eighth straight year of growth, averaging 6.7% annually since the financial crisis of 1998. Although high oil prices and a relatively cheap ruble initially drove this growth, since 2003 consumer demand and, more recently, investment have played a significant role. Over the last five years, fixed capital investments have averaged real gains greater than 10% per year and personal incomes have achieved real gains more than 12% per year. During this time, poverty has declined steadily and the middle class has continued to expand. Russia has also improved its international financial position since the 1998 financial crisis. The federal budget has run surpluses since 2001 and ended 2006 with a surplus of 9% of GDP. Over the past several years, Russia has used its stabilization fund based on oil taxes to prepay all Soviet-era sovereign debt to Paris Club creditors and the IMF. Foreign debt has decreased to 39% of GDP, mainly due to decreasing state debt, although commercial debt to foreigners has risen strongly. Oil export earnings have allowed Russia to increase its foreign reserves from $12000000000 in 1999 to some $12000000000 at yearend 2006, the third largest reserves in the world. During PUTINs first administration, a number of important reforms were implemented in the areas of tax, banking, labor, and land codes. These achievements have raised business and investor confidence in Russias economic prospects, with foreign direct investment rising from $12000000000 in 2005 to an estimated $12000000000 in 2006. In 2006, Russias GDP grew 6.6%, while inflation was below 10% for the first time in the past 10 years. Growth was driven by non-tradable services and goods for the domestic market, as opposed to oil or mineral extraction and exports. Russia has signed a bilateral market access agreement with the US as a prelude to possible WTO entry, and its companies are involved in global merger and acquisition activity in the oil and gas, metals, and telecom sectors. Despite Russias recent success, serious problems persist. Oil, natural gas, metals, and timber account for more than 80% of exports and 32% of government revenues, leaving the country vulnerable to swings in world commodity prices. Russias manufacturing base is dilapidated and must be replaced or modernized if the country is to achieve broad-based economic growth. A 20% appreciation of the ruble over 2005-06 has made attracting additional investment more difficult. The banking system, while increasing consumer lending and growing at a high rate, is still small relative to the banking sectors of Russias emerging market peers. Political uncertainties ahead of the elections, corruption, and widespread lack of trust in institutions continue to dampen domestic and foreign investor sentiment. From 2002 to 2005, the government bureaucracy increased by 17% - 10.9% in 2005 alone. President PUTIN has granted more influence to forces within his government that desire to reassert state control over the economy. Russia has made little progress in building the rule of law, the bedrock of a modern market economy. The government has promised additional legislation to make its intellectual property protection WTO-consistent, but enforcement remains problematic.
factbook:electricity_consumption	940000000000 (xsd:long)
factbook:electricity_exports	22300000000 (xsd:long)
factbook:electricity_imports	9900000000 (xsd:long)
factbook:electricity_production	952400000000 (xsd:long)
factbook:electricity_productionbysource_fossilfuel	66.3E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:electricity_productionbysource_hydro	17 (xsd:long)
factbook:electricity_productionbysource_nuclear	16.4E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:electricity_productionbysource_other	0.1E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:elevationextremes_highestpoint	5633 (xsd:long)
factbook:elevationextremes_highestpoint_place	Gora Elbrus
factbook:elevationextremes_lowestpoint	-28 (xsd:long)
factbook:elevationextremes_lowestpoint_place	Caspian Sea
factbook:environment_currentissues	air pollution from heavy industry, emissions of coal-fired electric plants, and transportation in major cities; industrial, municipal, and agricultural pollution of inland waterways and seacoasts; deforestation; soil erosion; soil contamination from improper application of agricultural chemicals; scattered areas of sometimes intense radioactive contamination; groundwater contamination from toxic waste; urban solid waste management; abandoned stocks of obsolete pesticides
factbook:executivebranch_cabinet	Ministries of the Government or "Government" composed of the premier and his deputies, ministers, and selected other individuals; all are appointed by the president
factbook:executivebranch_chiefofstate	President Vladimir Vladimirovich PUTIN (acting president 31 December 1999-6 May 2000, president since 7 May 2000)
factbook:executivebranch_electionresults	Vladimir Vladimirovich PUTIN reelected president; percent of vote - Vladimir Vladimirovich PUTIN 71.2%, Nikolay KHARITONOV 13.7%, other (no candidate above 5%) 15.1%
factbook:executivebranch_elections	president elected by popular vote for a four-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 14 March 2004 (next to be held in March 2008); note - no vice president; if the president dies in office, cannot exercise his powers because of ill health, is impeached, or resigns, the premier serves as acting president until a new presidential election is held, which must be within three months; premier appointed by the president with the approval of the Duma
factbook:executivebranch_headofgovernment	Premier Mikhail Yefimovich FRADKOV (since 5 March 2004); First Deputy Premiers Dmitriy Anatolyevich MEDVEDEV (since 14 November 2005) and Sergey Borisovich IVANOV (since 15 February 2007), Deputy Premier Aleksandr Dmitriyevich ZHUKOV (since 9 March 2004)
factbook:exports	317600000000 (xsd:long)
factbook:factbookcode	rs
factbook:fiscalyear	calendar year
factbook:flag	<https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/flags/rs-flag.gif>
factbook:flagdescription	three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red
factbook:geographiccoordinates_latitude	60.0E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:geographiccoordinates_longitude	100.0E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:governmenttype	federation
factbook:heliports	52 (xsd:long)
factbook:householdincomeorconsumptionbypercentageshare_highest10pc	38.7E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:householdincomeorconsumptionbypercentageshare_lowest10pc	2 (xsd:long)
factbook:imports	171500000000 (xsd:long)
factbook:independence	24 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
factbook:industrialproductiongrowthrate	4.8E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:infantmortalityrate_female	9.42E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:infantmortalityrate_male	12.6E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:infantmortalityrate_total	11.06E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:inflationrate_consumerprices	9.8E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:internetServiceProviders_ISPs	300 (xsd:long)
factbook:internetcountrycode	.ru; note - Russia also has responsibility for a legacy domain ".su" that was allocated to the Soviet Union, and whose legal status and ownership are contested by the Russian Government, ICANN, and several Russian commercial entities
factbook:internethosts	1980000
factbook:internetusers	23700000
factbook:investment_grossfixed	18.2% of GDP
factbook:irrigatedland_total	46000
factbook:judicialbranch	Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Supreme Arbitration Court; judges for all courts are appointed for life by the Federation Council on the recommendation of the president
rdfs:label	Russia
factbook:laborforce	73880000 (xsd:long)
factbook:laborforce_byoccupation_agriculture	10.8E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:laborforce_byoccupation_industry	29.1E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:laborforce_byoccupation_services	60.1E0 (xsd:double)
is factbook:landboundary of	db:Azerbaijan
is factbook:landboundary of	db:Belarus
is factbook:landboundary of	db:China
is factbook:landboundary of	db:Estonia
is factbook:landboundary of	db:European_Union
is factbook:landboundary of	db:Finland
is factbook:landboundary of	db:Georgia
is factbook:landboundary of	db:Kazakhstan
is factbook:landboundary of	db:Korea_North
is factbook:landboundary of	db:Latvia
is factbook:landboundary of	db:Lithuania
is factbook:landboundary of	db:Mongolia
is factbook:landboundary of	db:Norway
is factbook:landboundary of	db:Poland
is factbook:landboundary of	db:Ukraine
factbook:landboundary	db:Azerbaijan
factbook:landboundary	db:Belarus
factbook:landboundary	db:China
factbook:landboundary	db:Estonia
factbook:landboundary	db:Finland
factbook:landboundary	db:Georgia
factbook:landboundary	db:Kazakhstan
factbook:landboundary	db:Latvia
factbook:landboundary	db:Lithuania
factbook:landboundary	db:Mongolia
factbook:landboundary	db:Norway
factbook:landboundary	db:Poland
factbook:landboundary	db:Ukraine
factbook:landuse_arableland	7.17E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:landuse_other	92.72E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:landuse_permanentcrops	0.11E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:large_flag	<https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/flags/rs-lgflag.gif>
factbook:legalsystem	based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts
factbook:legislativebranch	bicameral Federal Assembly or Federalnoye Sobraniye consists of the Federation Council or Sovet Federatsii (178 seats; as of July 2000, members appointed by the top executive and legislative officials in each of the 88 federal administrative units - oblasts, krays, republics, autonomous okrugs and oblasts, and the federal cities of Moscow and Saint Petersburg; members serve four-year terms) and the State Duma or Gosudarstvennaya Duma (450 seats; as of 2007, all members elected by proportional representation from party lists winning at least 7% of the vote; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
factbook:legislativebranch_electionresults	State Duma - percent of vote received by parties clearing the 5% threshold entitling them to a proportional share of the 225 party list seats - United Russia 37.1%, CPRF 12.7%, LDPR 11.6%, Motherland 9.1%, other 29.5%; total seats by party - United Russia 222, CPRF 53, LDPR 38, Motherland 37, Peoples Party 19, Yabloko 4, SPS 2, other 7, independents 65, repeat election required 3; note - seats by party as of 1 July 2006 - United Russia 309, CPRF 45, LDPR 35, Motherland 29, Peoples Party 12, independents 18, vacant 2
factbook:legislativebranch_elections	State Duma - last held 7 December 2003 (next to be held in December 2007)
factbook:lifeexpectancyatbirth_female	73 (xsd:long)
factbook:lifeexpectancyatbirth_male	59.12E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:lifeexpectancyatbirth_totalpopulation	65.87E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:literacy_definition	age 15 and over can read and write
factbook:literacy_female	100 (xsd:long)
factbook:literacy_male	100 (xsd:long)
factbook:literacy_totalpopulation	100 (xsd:long)
factbook:location	Northern Asia (the area west of the Urals is considered part of Europe), bordering the Arctic Ocean, between Europe and the North Pacific Ocean
foaf:logo	<https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/flags/rs-flag.gif>
factbook:manpoweravailableformilitaryservice_femalesage18_49	35986426 (xsd:long)
factbook:manpoweravailableformilitaryservice_malesage18_49	35247049 (xsd:long)
factbook:manpowerfitformilitaryservice_femalesage18_49	29056021 (xsd:long)
factbook:manpowerfitformilitaryservice_malesage18_49	21049651 (xsd:long)
factbook:manpowerreachingmilitaryserviceageannually_femalesage18_49	1244264 (xsd:long)
factbook:manpowerreachingmilitaryserviceageannually_malesage18_49	1286069 (xsd:long)
factbook:map	<https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/maps/rs-map.gif>
factbook:maritimeclaims_contiguouszone	24 (xsd:long)
factbook:maritimeclaims_exclusiveeconomiczone	200
factbook:maritimeclaims_territorialsea	12 (xsd:long)
factbook:medianage_female	41.3E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:medianage_male	35.0E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:medianage_total	38 (xsd:long)
factbook:merchantmarine_foreign_owned	100 (Belgium 4, Canada 1, Cyprus 2, Estonia 1, Germany 2, Greece 1, Latvia 2, Malta 4, Norway 1, Switzerland 7, Turkey 63, Ukraine 11, US 1)
factbook:merchantmarine_registeredinothercountries	465 (Antigua and Barbuda 6, Bahamas 6, Belize 36, Bulgaria 1, Cambodia 105, Comoros 4, Cyprus 53, Dominica 2, Finland 1, Georgia 28, North Korea 1, Liberia 77, Malta 70, Marshall Islands 1, Mongolia 13, Panama 7, Saint Kitts and Nevis 5, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 29, Sierra Leone 1, Tuvalu 2, Ukraine 1, Vanuatu 1, Venezuela 1, unknown 14)
factbook:merchantmarine_total	1178 (xsd:long)
factbook:merchantmarine_total_dwt	6287784 (xsd:long)
factbook:merchantmarine_total_grt	5080341 (xsd:long)
factbook:militaryexpenditures_percentofGDP	0.0E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:militaryserviceageandobligation	Russia has adopted a mixed conscript-contract force; 18-27 years of age; males are registered for the draft at 17 years of age; length of compulsory military service is 2 years; plans call for reduction in mandatory service to 18 months in 2007 and to 1 year by 2008; 30% of Russian army personnel were contract servicemen at the end of 2005; planning calls for volunteer servicemen to compose 70% of armed forces by 2010, with the remaining servicemen consisting of conscripts; as of November 2006, the Armed Forces had more than 60 units manned with contract personnel totaling over 78000 contract privates and sergeants; 88 Ministry of Defense units have been designated as permanent readiness units and are expected to become all-volunteer by end 2007; these include most air force, naval, and nuclear arms units, as well as all airborne and naval infantry units, most motorized rifle brigades, and all special forces detachments
factbook:name	Russia
factbook:nationalholiday	Russia Day, 12 June
factbook:nationality_adjective	Russian
factbook:nationality_noun	Russian(s)
factbook:naturalgas_consumption	445100000000 (xsd:long)
factbook:naturalgas_exports	216800000000 (xsd:long)
factbook:naturalgas_imports	36600000000 (xsd:long)
factbook:naturalgas_production	641000000000 (xsd:long)
factbook:naturalgas_provedreserves	47570000000000 cu m (1 January 2005 est.)
factbook:netmigrationrate	0.28E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:oil_consumption	2500000 (xsd:long)
factbook:oil_exports	7000000 (xsd:long)
factbook:oil_imports	100000 (xsd:long)
factbook:oil_production	9400000 (xsd:long)
factbook:oil_provedreserves	74400000000
factbook:population_total	141377752 (xsd:long)
factbook:populationbelowpovertyline	17.8E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:populationgrowthrate	-0.484E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:portsandterminals	Anapa, Kaliningrad, Murmansk, Nakhodka, Novorossiysk, Rostov-na-Donu, Saint Petersburg, Taganrog, Vanino, Vostochnyy
factbook:publicdebt	8% of GDP
factbook:radiobroadcaststations	AM 323, FM 1500 est., shortwave 62
factbook:railways_total	87157 (xsd:long)
factbook:reservesofforeignexchangeandgold	314500000000 (xsd:long)
factbook:roadways_paved	738000 km (includes 29000 km of expressways)
factbook:roadways_total	871000
factbook:sexratio_15_64years	0.93E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:sexratio_65yearsandover	0.456E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:sexratio_atbirth	1.06E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:sexratio_totalpopulation	0.859E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:sexratio_under15years	1.054E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:suffrage	18 years of age; universal
factbook:telephones_mainlinesinuse	40100000
factbook:telephones_mobilecellular	120000000
factbook:telephonesystem_domestic	cross-country digital trunk lines run from Saint Petersburg to Khabarovsk, and from Moscow to Novorossiysk; the telephone systems in 60 regional capitals have modern digital infrastructures; cellular services, both analog and digital, are available in many areas; in rural areas, the telephone services are still outdated, inadequate, and low density
factbook:telephonesystem_generalassessment	the telephone system is experiencing significant changes; there are more than 1000 companies licensed to offer communication services; access to digital lines has improved, particularly in urban centers; Internet and e-mail services are improving; Russia has made progress toward building the telecommunications infrastructure necessary for a market economy; the estimated number of mobile subscribers jumped from fewer than 1000000 in 1998 to 1000000 in 2005; a large demand for main line service remains unsatisfied, but fixed-line operators continue to grow their services
factbook:telephonesystem_international	country code - 7; Russia is connected internationally by 3 undersea fiber-optic cables; digital switches in several cities provide more than 50000 lines for international calls; satellite earth stations provide access to Intelsat, Intersputnik, Eutelsat, Inmarsat, and Orbita systems
factbook:televisionbroadcaststations	7306
factbook:televisions	60500000 (xsd:long)
factbook:terrain	broad plain with low hills west of Urals; vast coniferous forest and tundra in Siberia; uplands and mountains along southern border regions
factbook:totalfertilityrate	1.39 children born/woman
rdf:type	factbook:Country
factbook:unemploymentrate	6.6E0 (xsd:double)
factbook:url	<https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/rs.html>

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